The post Civil Construction Or Steel Structure? appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>It is not a simple question that could answer with one word. This question bothers a few of our customers. Our answer to that is it depends on the conditions of your local, which are: the natural environment, usage of the building, budget, earthquake, durability, and appearance.
Please check our reviews about these aspects below, hope you will make your own decision after you finalized this article.
1. The influences of the natural environment on the buildings
This is the most important factor that affected the buildings. Buildings in different places are very different, no matter the style, or the materials.
Snow, wind, geological conditions, and corrosive materials, affect the building mostly.
A. Snow load
In cold areas, snow is a big load on the roof structure, so usually, we could notice the steep pitch of the buildings in a cold area. Besides the large slope, you may still need to clean the snow regularly.
B. Wind load
Wind pressure to the wall and roof. In some islands of the tropical zone, the buildings may face hurricanes frequently. During a hurricane, the wind could tear apart the building easily if it is made of thin wood or steel sheet. So, could steel structures withstand a hurricane? Yes, if it is designed to withstand a hurricane. View more here (Could the steel structure building withstand the hurricane?)
C. Geological conditions.
If the geological conditions are bad, for example, the bearing capacity of the foundation is very weak for some reason, maybe there is some mud, water, sand, or some other reason. Then you should not build with concrete. Why? Because the weight of a concrete building is too large compared with a steel structure building. So, if the cost of the foundation treatment is too much, then you should build with a steel structure.
D. Corrosive materials.
If there are some chemicals or salt in the surroundings, which may harm the building, then you should consider it carefully. As you know steel is lack resistance to corrosion. Therefore, if there are too many corrosion materials in the environment, then you should build with concrete. Otherwise, the treatment to the surface should be thicker epoxy paint or hot dip galvanized, or you should use aluminum and stainless steel.
2. Budget
Besides the environment, the cost is the most concern. Almost everybody would like the cheaper one. Though cement, sand, and other construction materials are cheap than steel, the total cost of a concrete building is more expensive than steel building. Because the steel building needs less manpower and fast installation. In most areas around the world, manpower is more expensive than materials.
So, please compare the steel building cost with your local construction cost, if your local doesn’t have abundant manpower and plenty of construction materials, then you should go with steel buildings.
3. The usage of the building you prepare to build is the third most important factor.
Civil construction is a traditional building method, it is widely used for all kinds of buildings. From temporary shelters, homes, villas, storage, poultry house, commercial center, conference hall, theaters, etc. It is good enough for all the buildings, but also this kind of buildings have their limits, which are long construction period, heavyweight, high cost, etc.
So, that means if you are critical of these factors, then maybe you should turn to other construction methods. Besides that, the large span buildings, such as the gym, movie theater, exhibition center, assembly halls, plane shed, hangar, etc., all have large spans, which is hard to adapt the civil construction, because of the heavy weight of concrete. In a word, you should build this kind of building with a steel structure.
4. Earthquake
If you are in a seismic zone, earthquake-proof construction is the only option. Steel structure building is better than civil construction, is it true? Although some civil construction can meet the requirements of being earthquake-proof, the materials, which are concrete, sand, brick, etc., are all fragile during an earthquake. So, if there is an earthquake, your building will most likely be broken. Even if it could survive after the earthquake, you will have to do a lot of repairs. And most likely, the repair would cost more than building a new one.
But if your building is a steel structure, it would survive during the earthquake, and it won’t need too much repair. What makes that? Why does civil construction must repair, and steel structures don’t need? That is because steel is flexible. An earthquake won’t harm the steel building. Even if it needs some repair, mostly you could fix it with some screws. And screw is cheap.
5. Durability
Talking about durability, civil construction first comes to mind. It is true that concrete buildings will stand longer than steel buildings. That is why there are so many ancient buildings that are all made of stones and cement.
The stone building definitely could stand for hundreds of years, but nowadays we hardly build with stone, instead of which we build with bricks, concrete, steel bar, also windows and doors. Except for the main structure materials, we also decorate or insulate the building with panels, which are usually EPS or PU foam. They are looking good, are lightweight, standardized material, and are easy to build with. But they are not strong as stone. The service life of modern buildings is usually around 50-70 years. You may say that there are buildings being torn down at their early ages, yes, that is true too, but we are not going to discuss that here.
After talking about the service life of civil construction, let’s see how steel buildings do next. Surely that steel building has less life than civil construction because steel is easy to corrupt in the air, and only need some water and oxygen. Their life usually be less than 50 years. So, is steel building bad than concrete buildings? Maybe and maybe not.
For most steel buildings, the wall panels and roof panels usually be color-coated steel sheets, their service life is about 10-15 years under normal conditions. That means you need to update the building envelope in its service life, otherwise, there will be leakage or some other problems which affect the use. But if you change the steel sheet into an aluminum sheet, its service life will reach up to 50 years or even more. As you know, aluminum is very stable in the air, because of its dense oxide film on the surface.
The envelope reached 50 years of life, how about the main structural steel? Could they reach 50 years too? Yes. For normal circumstances, the treatment of steel columns and beams would be paint, alkyd, or epoxy, it would be good enough. But if the environment is hazardous for steel, moisture, chemicals, etc. then we should choose hot dip galvanized treatment. It will help the steel to stand for 20 years at least in the wild. It would be better if used indoors.
So, here concludes that steel structure buildings could be as durable as civil construction.
6. Architect appearance
Regarding the appearance of the buildings, different people have different views. But most buildings, especially shed, workshop, warehouse, etc., this kind of buildings do not need too many new ideas. They almost look the same. Achieving the goal of usage is the most important thing.
And the new kind of panels will look brilliant, such as the aluminum sandwich panels, or EPS board with marble surface, all these kind of panels will let the building looks great. And have good performances of insulation.
These are the main factors that affect the build method, hope you made up your mind now. Civil construction and steel structures have their own advantages and disadvantages. Please know more here.
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]]>The post Steel Frame Collapse During Installation appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>What Happened To The Steel Frame?
On 21st July 2021, the group leader of Keren Construction Company was leading 10 workers to install the parapet wall steel columns with 2 cranes according to the schedule of construction. One crane was hoisting the parapet wall steel columns in the area of Axis A cross Axis 14-15, and the other one is working in the area of Axis G cross Axis 15-16.
From 6:30 of that day, steel structure team workers were installing the parapet wall steel columns until 11:30, they continued the installation from 15:30. At 16:34, the wind was rising, at 16:35, part roof panels of No.3 warehouse were blowing off, the steel frame of No. 4 steel warehouse started to lose their shapes, shortly all the steel frames sloped, then the steel frames collapse in less than one second. All the steel frames collapsed on the ground, all the anchor bolts fractured.
This incident causes the death of 5 people.
Brief Introduction Of This Project
This project belongs to a glassware factory, located in Chongqing City, the first phase of construction covers an area of 33141.18 sqm, it consists of warehouse 3, warehouse 4, warehouse 5, and workshop 6. Warehouse 3 covers an area of 19368.5 sqm, three-storey, total height 20.9m; Warehouse 4 covers an area of 6228.71 sqm, one storey, total height 25m; Warehouse 5 covers an area of 1111.91 sqm, one storey, total height 16m; Workshop 6 covers an area of 6432.06 sqm, one storey, a total height of 14.3m.
As warehouse 4 is the building collapse, so here we just introduce the details of warehouse 4.
Figure 1, Steel Frame Of Steel Warehouse 120*48*25m
The design information about steel structure warehouse 4
- Dimensions: 120*48*25m(L*W*H)
- Design wind load: 0.4kn/sqm
- Seismic fortification intensity: 6 degrees
- Lightweight portal structure, axis 1-16 on the long side, column space 8m, axis A – G, column space is also 8m.
- The cross-section of steel columns is H750*300*10*16; the steel beam is variable section girder, it is H(400-700)*180*10*12, the material is Q355B, which means the yield strength is 355MPa.
- There are four rows of tie bars between columns from bottom to the top, and 4 rows of tie bars arrange between girders, they are all adopted D114*3, Q235B.
- 4 sets of anchor bolts are pre-embedded under each column, D24*900, Q235B, and there are 3 nuts and one steel base plate on each anchor bolt.
- The column base plate above the ground is 50mm, it needs cast concrete after finishing the installation of columns.
- Roof and wall purlin all adopt channel steel C250, Q235B.
Figure 2, Roof Layout Of Steel Warehouse 120*48*25m
Figure 3, Wall Layout Of Steel Warehouse 120*48*25m
Figure 4, Section Drawing To Show The Specifications Of Columns And Beams
Actual construction situation before the accident:
Figure 5, Steel Columns Installation
Before the accident, all the steel columns and steel beams were installed, part of tie bars and parapet columns were installed, column bracing and horizontal bracing were not installed, purlins were not installed, the gap between the ground and column base plate was not cast concrete.
Weather Conditions at the time of the accident:
According to the meteorological record of Chonqing City Observatory, at 16:00 of July 21st, the instantaneous gusty wind at the accident site was level 7-8, the instantaneous wind speed was 14.4-17.7m/s, and the wind direction was 8 degrees from east to south.
According to the basic wind pressure parameters in the Code for Building Structural Load (the basic wind pressure is the wind pressure corresponding to the 10-minute average wind speed that occurs once in 50 years at 10m height under standard geomorphic conditions), the above wind speed observation results are converted by parameters:
At a height of 10m, the wind pressure value from 16:30 to 16:45 is 0.04kN /m2 to 0.05kN /m
Between 2 (wind direction is 98 degrees, 8 degrees from east to south), less than no.4 warehouse design wind load 0.4kN /㎡.
At the time of the accident, the wind direction was 8 degrees from east to south, and the steel frame length direction of No. 4 warehouse was about 30 degrees from east to the south, that is, the wind direction deviated 22 degrees from the steel frame length direction, which was consistent with the basic direction of the collapse of the steel frame.
Accident Cause Analysis
Wind resistance analysis
According to the construction design drawing, site survey records, and relevant national standards and specifications, analysis of the wind resistance of the steel structure was involved in the accident.
According to the design of warehouse 4, under the actual wind load(0.04-0.05KN/sqm), after calculation, the max transformation of the steel structure is 14mm, the max stress of anchor bolts is 16MPa, it is far beneath the yield strength 235MPa, the structure is safe, it won’t collapse during the installation(Figure 6).
If won’t install the bracing system, won’t case concrete under the column base plate, after calculation, under the same wind load(0.04-0.05KN/sqm), the transformation of this steel structure would be 1174mm, the max tensile stress of the anchor bolts would be 390Mpa, and the pressure stress would be 528Mpa, they both passed the yield stress (235Mpa), the steel structure is not safe(Figure 7).
Figure 6, Steel Frame Force Analysis
Figure 7, Force Analysis Without Bracing System
Figure 8, Steel Column Collapse And Broken The Anchor Bolts
Direct Cause Of The Accident
After the investigation team, combined with the “No.4 Warehouse calculation and analysis report”, “meteorological investigation report” and “accident direct cause analysis expert opinion” and other technical appraisal data, comprehensive determination: the steel structure itself stability is insufficient, induced by a sudden wind, cause the collapse of this steel building.
3.2.1 The steel structure is unstable
According to the “Experts’ Opinion To The Direct Cause Of The Accident”, during the installation of warehouse 4, the workers didn’t install the bracing system (purlin, bracing, etc) in time, only installed part of the tie bars, the steel structure didn’t form a stable rigid structure, also didn’t cast concrete into the gap between column base plate and the concrete base. The steel structure at the site had a certain stability risk and was in an unsafe state.
3.2.2 Outburst Gale
According to the “meteorological research report” & “Calculation Analysis Report Of Warehouse 4”, as this steel structure warehouse lack of bracing system, it is unstable under the wind load and gravity. Under the wind load of 0.04KN/sqm to 0.05KN/sqm at that time, the steel frame transformed a lot, all the anchor bolts were overstressed in tension and pressure, which led to the anchor bolts being unstable and fracture, and finally, collapse all the structure.
Figure 8, All The Steel Frames Collapse
Indirect Cause Of The Accident
3.3.1 The construction company didn’t work according to the technical specifications. The workers didn’t install the bracing system after finishing the installation of the steel columns and beams, which made the steel frame unstable.
3.3.2 The supervision company didn’t supervise according to the codes, didn’t pause the construction when the construction company work against job regulation.
Advices From China PEB
Work with a qualified steel structure company, make sure the design is OK, test the materials and measure the steel components, make sure they are manufactured as the design drawings.
Work with qualified steel structure installation team, make sure they work under the regulations and codes.
Supervise the installation, pause the construction if something goes wrong with the design.
Contact China PEB for more advice.
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]]>The post Installation Of Steel Structure Building appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>The installation of steel structure building is the course from setting up the steel columns until the finish of roof & wall panels and windows, doors, and finally meet the functional requirements of the building. The installation of steel structure building and other kinds of construction usually proceeded by a professional construction contractor, because there are several professional works, multiple kinds of equipment, and most important — the construction experience.
Why More And More People Want To Know The Installation of Steel Structure Building?
In the later years, as the steel structure building has simple structure, fast installation, cost economy, and some other obvious advantages(see more here: The advantages & disadvantages of steel structure buildings), more and more people try their building with steel structure. And for some reason, more and more companies and individual people take part in the process of the lifetime of steel structure building, from design to installation and maintenance. This is good news also bad news, the good news is that more and more people know the advantage of the steel structure building, and the bad news is that the installation is a bit of hard for the newcomers.
Is The Installation of Steel Structure Building Hard?
Compare with the professional construction contractor, companies and people who in need of steel structure building have distinct disadvantages in experience, staff, equipment, and some other aspects, so frankly speaking, to accomplish the installation of steel structure building is a little bit difficult to the newcomers of the construction industry.
To help them and also try to let more people know more about steel structure building, let’s take an example for the installation of steel structure building.
Procedure Of The Installation Of The Steel Structure Building:
- Prepare Before The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Inspect Before The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Column Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Steel Beam Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Bracing System Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Crane Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Overhead Crane Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Wall Purlin Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Roof Purlin Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Wall Panel Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Gutter Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Roof Panel Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
The Example: A Small But Complete Workshop
Here are the specifications about this workshop:
- Dimensions(L*W*H): 41*16*8.8-10.5m
- Slope: scale 1:10, single
- Crane: 5 Tons overhead crane
- Mainframe structure: welded H beams, materials Q355 steel, hot-dip galvanization 275g/㎡
- Secondary structure: steel bar, steel pipe, angle steel, steel plate, Q235 steel, thermal spray zinc 60g/㎡
- Door: electrical rolling door, 5*5m(W*H), with remote control
- Windows: PVC frame windows, 5mm clear glass, 4*1.3m(W*H)
- Entrance door: steel frame & door leaf, 0.9*2.1m(W*H)
1.Preparation Before The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
The preparation before the installation is what you need to do before you get real started, such as technical, materials, manpower, equipment and some other things, check here out for more details about what you need to prepare before the installation.
2. Inspection Before The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Inspection before the installation means that you need to do some inspection to the foundation, steel columns & beams, etc, to avoid which may affect the installation process if there is something wrong with them. Check here out for more details about what you need to inspect about the steel components.
3. Column Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Use a crane to hoist the steel column, one point, or two-point binding. In this case, the columns have corbels, then it is better to bind near the corbel.
Picture 1 Steel Column Hoisting
Picture 2 Steel Column Suspended In The Air
- Binding the column under the corbel with lifting belts, also tie a rope near the column base, which is used to control the movement of the column;
- Lifting the column, draw the column base to the embedded anchor bolts(Picture 1)
- Righting the column when the column base is 30-40mm away from the embedded anchor bolts, align the bolt hole to the anchor bolts, drop the column gradually and make it in position(Picture 2)
Picture 3 Adjust the perpendicularity of the Steel Column
Picture 4 Fasten The Bolts & Welded Together The Bolts And The Steel Column
- Use the theodolite to make the perpendicularity of the column right, usually, the error range is 20mm, after that, fasten the nuts, then untie the lifting belts
- Steel column correction: use the theodolite to test the perpendicularity again, if the error is more than 20mm, then make it right with jack, and jam the gap with steel coil or steel plate(Picture 3)
- Fasten the nuts and then weld the steel base plate together(Picture 4)
- When finished the crane beam and roof beam installation, cast fine concrete in the gap(Picture 5)
Picture 5 Cast Concrete To The Steel Column Base
4. Steel Beam Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
The installation of the steel beam should follow some order, which is the main beam first and then secondary beam, outside first and inside later, lower beam first and upper beam later.
- Lifting the steel beam up, and guide it into position with the pulling rope, adjust the bolt hole with a crowbar and bolt the beam and column together with the ordinary bolt, the number of bolts should be more than 2 in each joint
- Measure the beam and make sure it is in the right position
- Replace the ordinary bolts with high strength bolts and fasten them
5. Bracing System Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
When finished the installation of columns and beams, install the tie pipe, supportive bracing, horizontal brace, etc. The bracing system will unite the columns and beams as a whole.
6.Crane Beam Installation- The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
- Weld the spring plate B to the corbel, remember China PEB
- Lifting the crane beam to the right position, put the subplate A between the crane beam and the spring plate B, bolt together the plates(plate A & B) and crane beam
- Connect the crane beam and steel column with angle steel D, and then fasten the bolts
- Connect the two crane beams and fasten the bolts, remember put in the steel plate C between them
- Bolt (or Weld) the baffle(bumping block) on to the crane beam
7.Overhead Crane Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Overhead crane which is also called the electrical single beam crane, is widely used inside of many industrial buildings. Especially common inside of steel structure building, steel structure workshop and steel structure warehouse, maybe steel structure garage. It is convenient than the movable crane and easy than the forklift, and also no need extra space. China PEB is one steel structure company, doesn’t produce overhead crane.
Usually, we don’t provide the crane, instead of that, we would recommend one company if you don’t have one. And you will get the installation instruction from the crane company. Please contact them for details.
8.Wall Purlin Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
The installation of wall purlin should be after the completion of the supporting system
- The lower wall purlin first, and the top one should be the last one
- Install the pull rod after done with the girder installation, fasten the nuts on both sides, make sure the wall purlin straight
- Weld the vertical wall purlin on the horizontal purlin where have windows and doors
- Clean the welding slag and paint antirust paint and finishing coat
9.Roof Purlin Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Same as the installation of the wall purlin, start from the lower one or the one on the ridge, fasten the nuts and install the pull rod.
10.Wall Panel Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Install the front wall panels or the back wall panels first, then the gable wall panels
- According to the wall panel layout from China PEB, put the right length panel in the right position
- Screw it down to the purlin from top to the bottom, and at least 3 screws for each purlin
- When all the panels are done, then cut the panels which block the windows and doors
- Cut the gable wall panels along the slope
- Install the edge sheet to the window opening and door opening, and apply a sealant to the joint
- Put on the windows and doors, and screw it down onto the purlin
- Carry out the sealant when finishing the installation of windows and doors
- Install the electrical rolling door(see instructions here)
- Tear off the protective film
11.Gutter Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Most buildings need gutter and rain pipe except some small industrial buildings, like this workshop, it doesn’t need it.
Materials used for gutter: black steel sheet, color coated steel sheet, galvanized steel sheet, stainless steel coil & sheet, FRP gutter, aluminum alloy gutter. (Know more here)
Installation type:
- Add-on type: this kind of installation limited the weight of the gutter, it should be small and lightweight, for example, gutter made of color coated steel sheet, aluminum alloy gutter, stainless steel coil gutter. It usually fixed on the lowest roof purlin or on the top of the wall panel. And besides that, it also needs some steel strip to pull the outside of the gutter.
- Bracket gutter, if the gutter is large or heavy, it must be installed on the bracket. Use angle steel or steel plate weld on the column or roof beam to bear the weight of the gutter.
12.Roof Panel Installation – The Installation Of Steel Structure Building
Choose the installation direction according to the perennial wind direction, in other words, perennial wind direction is from left to the right, then you should start your installation from the right side, then the left panel will be on the top of the right one, even there is some flaw or maybe some missed screws, it will not be blown away in bad weather.
For most buildings, the roof panel length is longer than 12m, but the clear length of the container(40ft container) is around 11.8m, so it has to be cut into two or more pieces. Then you need to know how to splice the roof panels:
The top of the panel should reach out of the purlin for 100-200mm
- Install the lower part of the roof panel, the top of this part should reach out of the purlin for 100-200mm
- Cut off the inside sheet and core material of the next roof panel for 400-500mm from the bottom, the bottom of the outside steel sheet should reach out the purlin for 150-250mm
Cut the bottom of the roof panel for 400-500mm
- Apply sealant at intervals of 100mm in the lap area
- Put the top panel on the right position, screw it down
Apply two sealants in the joint area
Install the top panel
- Use cushions when to screw on the skylight sheet, and make sure the screws on the peak to avoid leaking
cushions
- After done with the installation of all the roof panels, install the roof edge and eave edge
- Install the ventilator if you need them(know more here)
stainless steel ventilator
- Peel off the protective films
Now you have done all the installation, just contact us if you have more questions.
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]]>The post The Steel Structure of Xi’an Silk Road International Conference Center Build Up In 90 Days appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>On May 30th, after the last truss’ installation, the installation of Xi’an Silk Road International Conference Center is finished. The total amount of steel structure is 66,000 tons, 7 times of Eiffel Tower, and it is only 90 days from start to finish installation, this is one of the advantages of steel structure buildings. Regardless of the difference between different projects, it only uses one-quarter of the installation time of Bird’s Nest Stadium and National Conference and Exhibition Center (Shanghai). The amount of Bird’s Nest Stadium is 50,000 tons, and it uses 300 days to finish the installation. The National Conference and Exhibition Center use 90,000 tons of steel, 330days. 2100 tons of steel members were installed each day, it is really fast. If you need a building urgently, then you should consider the steel structure, get in touch with us, China PEB.
Why can the installation so fast? It is because that the technical department take all the conditions into consideration in advance. At the beginning of the detailed design, they use BIM software to proceed with the detailed design, 3D solid modeling the structural components and the joints, find and solve the issues that may affect the installation. Analyse and calculate the whole steel structure model, divide the structure members reasonably, find the best hoist point. After their hard work, the installation was done smoothly.
All the steel parts, columns, beams, girder, purlin were produced in the steel structure workshop, the advanced production line, management during the lifetime of steel parts, producing every day as the design and follow the schedule, each member can be traced, ensure the production accuracy and quality stability. Every steel member is marked with letter and number, it shows in the installation map where it should be. The workers at the site will put the columns and beams at the right point following the installation drawing, no need to do other works, just put them in the spot and fasten the screws, then all is done, so it only needs one-third of the time of traditional construction. At the same time, Steel Structure Prefab buildings need less work field, less water, less material, less installation time, most of the members and components are produced in the steel structure factory (China PEB), reduced the noise, waste water, waste material and other pollution.
Contact China PEB, if you need some help of steel structure buildings, steel structure workshop, steel structure warehouse, steel structure shed, steel structure hangar, even steel villa, prefab house, and some other buildings have steel structure, you can let us know, we could help definitely.
The post The Steel Structure of Xi’an Silk Road International Conference Center Build Up In 90 Days appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>The post Steel Structure Corridor( 1500 tons) Elevating to 73.6m in 48Hs appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>Abstract:
48 hours! Total weight 1500 tons, the steel structure corridor( 76.5L*18W*9.9H, meter) elevated to the 73.6meter high as a whole in the past few days, is located between two tower buildings which are in the core area of the Guanggu New Town of Wuhan City, it is the longest span steel structure corridor for high-rise buildings which is elevated as a whole in China.
March 28th 6:00am, in the construction field of Guanggu Star project in the Guanggu New Town of Wuhan City, the builders of China Construction Third Engineering Division Co Ltd made a new record after lifting the 76.5L*18W*9.9H corridor up to 73m high, which is the longest span steel structure corridor for high-rise building lifting as a whole in China.
60 top-level welders finished the steel structure corridor welding in half month.
The steel structure corridor can stand up to force 10 wind.
The total weight of the steel structure corridor is 1500 tons, located between building G and building H, from the 18th floor to 20th floor. As its long span, large weight, it can not be assembled in the air, and it can not be assembled with the crane, it’s difficult than ever.
Hoisting As A Whole
Assemble In The Air
The team of this project chose “ Super Hydraulic Integral Elevation Technology”, which is assemble the steel structure corridor on the ground, welding the 600 steel members together, then lifting as a whole. Among these steel members, the heaviest one nearly 18 tons. The 60 top-level welders need to work in three shifts, adopt full penetration Class one weld joint, to keep the steel members welded together seamlessly. After half month, the weld finished. “We used 25 tons weir for welding” Said the Chief Engineer Xiaoqin Xu. Top class weld technology made this steel structure corridor indestructible, even stand up with Force 10 wind.
10 Hydraulic Elevators Work Together
Crawling 3 Meters Per Hour
At the top of the building G and H, there are 10 hydraulic elevators. They lift 168 steel strand through 4 hoist point, likes there are 168 “steel hands” grab the steel structure corridor firmly, elevating as a whole.
Each “Steel Hand” can bear 36 tons tension top, the traction of 168 steel strand equal with 400 Audi A6L. During the elevation, the 168 “Steel Hand” must work together, otherwise, the steel structure corridor will incline. To avoid this situation, the construction side installed a few sensors displacement & pressure at the end of the elevator, the relevant data will upload to the computer when elevating. The computer gives the orders, order these 10 hydraulic elevator control these 168 “Steel Hand ” firmly, lifting the 1500 tons steel structure corridor crawling up at 3 meters per hour.
The production manager of the project Zhengjie Lin, this steel structure corridor not just looks “high-end”, and also earthquake-proof, wind-proof, fire-proof, it is really a “Tough Guy” inside: it used the state of art Vibration isolation technology of friction pendulum bearing, with its help it can stand up with 8.0 earthquake, and thick fire-proof coat will expand when meeting the fire, fire endurance is 3 hours.
There are 18 steel structure corridors of this project, all of them will be elevated to the position before August according to the schedule.
At the appointed time, in the 73.6 meters air, floating a landscape view path which is 1.3KM long. On the “path in the air” there are green vegetation, parking apron, church, wedding garden, and something else, it will be the only city new landscape, promote the taste of city and buildings.
It is known that along with the increasing number of high-rise & super high-rise buildings, the corridor in the air is more and more popular. Twin towers of Kuala Lumpur, headquarters of Tencent, and some other famous buildings, you can find their steel structure corridor. City corridor in the air connected the dispersive public service facilities, city public space and business buildings together as a network, a 3-D place including relaxation, amusement, education, shopping, communication, remit the people flow pressure on the ground, increase the value of city space.
Guanggu Star project designed by internationally famous architect Zuyuan Li who designed 101 building in Taibei. The most characteristic of this project is “quadrangle courtyard”, possessing heavy oriental cultural deposits. After the project finished, it will be the new generation urban complex which combined with high-end class A office building, garden office, 5star hotel, exhibition building of Chinese architectures, sports center and ecological housing for citizens.
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]]>Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world’s premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.
2018 March 7, architect Balkrishna Doshi from India won the 40th Pritzker prize.
So, what are the international structural awards? And which projects and person won the prize?
The Structural Awards
Since 1968, the Structural Awards pick the projects which are original, beautiful, sustainability, and valuable out of the infrastructures and buildings all over the world, and award them.
The big prize is founded by the Institution of Structural Engineers, and adjust the awards in 2017, there are 12 principal categories and 3 special classes after the adjustment. According to the structural features, not the structural types, the 12 main awards cover all the aspects of structural constructions, they are: the Award for Tall or Slender Structures, the Award for Long Span Structures, the Award for Vehicle Bridges, the Award for Pedestrian Bridges, the Award for Small Projects( of under £1 million), the Award for Small Projects(of between £1-3 million), the Award for Structures in Extreme Conditions, the Award for Structural Heritage, the Award for Structural Transformation, the Award for Construction Innovation, the Award for Construction Integration, the Award for Structural Artistry. And the 3 Special Awards are the Award for Sustainability, the Award for Outstanding Value, the Supreme Award for Structural Engineering Excellence.
For over 50 years, including Sydney Opera House, the Pompidou Center of France and the Severn Bridge of British has won the Awards. And the first Supreme Award for Structural Engineering Excellence since 2003, the winner as follows:
2017 British Airways i360
The location of the project: Brighton, UK
Building design: Marks Barfield Architects
Structural design: Jacobs
The source of the photo: British Airways
▲British Airways i360 won the 2017 Supreme Award for Structural Engineering Excellence
British Airways i360 is the highest movable view tower in the world, this view tower consists of one 162 meters high steel tower and one doughnut-shaped glass view chamber, it can lift 200 people up to 138 meter high, the depth-width ratio of this tower is 40:1. The rounded viewing deck is joint together by 24 part glass which is made by hand, the glass is all adopted hollow double glass. As the tempered glass cannot be cut, so each glass must fit the steel frame precisely, and glue together curly.
I360 is covered by punching aluminum sheet, which is a great help to reduce the wind force. It is too difficult to adjust the frequency because it’s too long and thin, also the soft structure. There are 78 water tanks which change the distribution and position of the structure mass, altered the natural vibration frequency, react on the wind loading rating.
▲British Airways i360 24 sector handmade glass
The other innovation is the building method of the tower. It is formed of 17 tanks, 50- 100 tons each, connect by the jack frame, all the construction works safely on the ground.
▲British Airways i360, building method
▲British Airways i360, the size of the tower tank
2016——Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre
Location of the project: Surrey, Canada
Building design: HCMA Architecture + Design
Structural design: Fast + Epp
▲Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre won the 2016 Supreme Award for Structural Engineering Excellence
Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre located in Surrey won the Award because of its unique rolling roof. The roof used catenary wood structure, below the roof is a 55-meter span pool, the thickness of the structure is the only 300mm, the structure hangs on the post-tensioning method prestressing concrete support. The match of the blue and wood looks comfortable.
The structural engineers chose wood as the replacement of the steel, which is high cost-effectiveness, high structural effectiveness, and beautiful, balance the building style and the usage.
▲Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre, Catenary Wood Structure Roof
▲Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre, Prestressing Concrete Support
2015——Singapore Sports Hub
Location of project: Kallang, Singapore
Building design: Arup Associates; DP Architects
Structural design: Arup
Pic source: Arup Associates
▲Singapore Sports Hub won the 2015 Supreme Award for Structural Engineering Excellence
Singapore Sports Hub is the biggest long-span dome building in the world, the span as large as 310 meters. The roof of the hub adopts ultrathin dome structure, and movable. The engineers pick a material called ETFE which is a kind of pretty tough fluoroplastics as the main material, the tensile strength can up to 50Mpa.
The sliding dome structure roof divided into two parts, support by metal rigging, fixed on the 9000 tons steel main structure, sliding along the steel structure railways which are fixed on the main structure, only takes 20 minutes from open to close.
▲Singapore Sports Hub The Main Steel Structure
▲Singapore Sports Hub The sliding Roof
The Singapore Sports Hub can transform to ground track field. The seats are designed to install on the hydraumatic elevator, when it needs to transform, part of the seats will descend into the ground, and the front seats backward, then the tracks show. The seats and the ground shows and hides for a different purpose.
▲Singapore Sports Hub, Sports Hub transform to the Ground Track Field
2014——Zorlu Apple Flagship Store, Turkey
Structure Design: Eckersley O’Callaghan
2013——Taizhou Bridge, Jiangsu, China
Structure Design: Traffic Planning & Designing institution of Jiangsu
2012——West Gate Bridge Reinforcement, Melbourne
Structure Design: Flint & Neill Limited
2011——Olympics Bike Center, London
Structure Design: Expedition Engineering Ltd
2010——Angchuanzhou Bridge, Hongkong
Structure Design: Arup
2009——Infinity Bridge, British
Structure Design: Expedition Engineering
2008——5# Terminal of Heathrow Airport, British
Structure Design: Arup
2007——Savile Mansion in Windsor Park, British
Structure Design: Buro Happold & Engineers Haskins Robinson Waters
2006——Prai River Bridge, Malaysia
Structure Design: Dar Al-Handasah Consultants
2005——The Award is opening
No one wins the 2005th Award
2004——Pittsburgh David.L.Lawrence Conference Center, USA
Structure Design: Dewhurst Macfarlane & Partners with Goldreich Engineering PC
2003——Gateshead Millennium Bridge, British
Structure Design: Gifford
The Structural Awards of 2018 will present at 16th, November, and the closing date for entries is 16th, April.
The Gold Medal of IStructE
The Gold Medal of IStructE issued by Institution of Structural Engineers has commended the person who made extraordinary contributions to the structure construction progress.
The Award issued to Professor Henry Adams in 1922 for the first time, the other Award winners are thin shell concrete master Felix Candela, the founder of Arup Company Ove Arup, bridge master of Russia Oleg Kerensky, English Structural Engineer Edmund Happold, and many others. The Awards winner these years as follows:
2017, Jo Da Silva
The CEO and partner of Arup International Develop Group Jo Da Silva have won the 2017th Gold Medal of IStructE, to cite her performance in structural constructions, humanism and build the tenacity city. After the tsunami in India Ocean in 2005, she coordinates with more than 100 humanism agencies, built 60,000 shelters in Sri Lanka in 6 months. Jo Da Silva said:” As a Structural Engineer, we should consider more about the social results of our projects, not only the production.”
▲ Jo in Aceh, The reestablishment after the tsunami, Picture Source: Arup
▲ Shelters in Sri Lanka, Picture Source: Arup
2016, Robert Halvorson
Remarkable industry leader, high-rise buildings and long-span structural expert Robert Halvorson won the 2016 Golden Metal of IStructE. Robert Halvorson started his own business at SOM, became the youngest partner at his 31. In 1996, he founded Halvorson and Partners, it grows up to a company rapidly which have nearly 70 professionals. In 2015, it combined with WSP.
In the past 40 years, Halvorson participatory design several super high-rise buildings include Hanjing Central Building of China, Torre Caja Madrid.
▲ Hanjing Central Building, Image Source: Morphosis
▲ Torre Caja, Madrid, Image Source: Foster + Partners
2015, Mike Schlaich
CEO of SBP Project Design & Consulting Company and Structural Project Professor of Berlin Industrial University in Germany Mike Schlaich won the 2015th Golden Metal of IStructE. Mike is a specialist of light structure, he awarded because of the achievements in light structure field and elegant use of concrete, and his famous pedestrian bridge project.
Mike said that when he won the Award:” It’s my honor to win the Golden Award. Think of the previous winners of this Awards makes me flush. Many of them are my heroes. My father JöRG Schlaich has won the Award 25 years ago, it’s a wonderful experience that can be one of the winners, just like my father and the other winners.”
▲Wolfsburg Pringle, Germany
▲Ting Kau Bridge, Hongkong
▲Christian Garden, Germany
The Gold Medal of IStructE, The Winner List 1922~2014
| Year | Name | Year | Name |
| 2014 | Tristram Carfrae | 1988 | Jack Zunz |
| 2013 | Man-Chung Tang | 1988 | Anthony Flint |
| 2012 | Chris Wise | 1987 | Alan Davenport |
| 2012 | Paul Westbury | 1986 | Michael Horne |
| 2011 | Allan Mann | 1985 | Frank Newby |
| 2010 | William F. Baker | 1984 | Alan Harris |
| 2009 | David A. Nethercot | 1981 | Alec Skempton |
| 2008 | Michael John Glover | 1980 | Riccardo Morandi |
| 2007 | Joseph Locke MBE | 1979 | Nathan Newmark |
| 2006 | Roger Johnson | 1977 | Oleg Kerensky |
| 2005 | John Roberts | 1975 | Fritz Leonhardt |
| 2004 | Leslie E. Robertson | 1973 | Charles Husband |
| 2003 | Sam Thorburn OBE | 1973 | Ove Arup |
| 2001 | Cheng Hon Kwan | 1972 | Yves Guyon |
| 2000 | Duncan Michael | 1971 | Knud Johansen |
| 1999 | William Lan Liddell | 1968 | Sir Alfred Pugsley |
| 1998 | Frederick Michael Burdekin | 1967 | Pier Luigi Nervi |
| 1997 | John Burland | 1964 | John Guthrie Brown |
| 1996 | Michel Virlogeux | 1962 | William Glanville |
| 1994 | Anthony Hunt | 1960 | Felix Candela |
| 1992 | Santiago Calatrava | 1958 | Hardy Cross |
| 1991 | Olgierd Zienkiewicz | 1957 | Eugene Freyssinet |
| 1991 | Edmund Happold | 1953 | John Baker |
| 1990 | Jorg Schlaich | 1922 | Henry Adams |
Torroja Medal, IASS
IASS, International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, founded in 1959, is one of the most influential associations in the civil engineering field, the Association focuses on light structure system( like membrane structure, shell structure, frame structure, etc.), its headquarters in Madrid, Spain.
Eduardo Torroja (1899～1961), is a poet of concrete, he is the founder and the first chairman. Torroja is good at design and analyses concrete shell, cantilever structure, spatial grid shell, and prestressed concrete, during the civil war of Spain, he created a lot of beautiful works at lowest cost & fewest materials.
▲Eduardo Torroja and his works
The Lifetime Achievements Award of IASS name after Eduardo Torroja, award the structural engineers who did extraordinary contributions in spatial structure constructions, it is awarded every two years.
Torroja Medal, The Award List 1974~2018
| Torroja Medalists | Country | Year |
| Arend M. Haas(*) | Netherlands | 1974 |
| Mrs. Eduardo Torroja(*) | Spain | 1975 |
| Yoshikatsu Tsboi(*) | Japan | 1976 |
| Florencio Del Pozo(*) | Spain | 1979 |
| Andre Paduart(*) | Belgium | 1984 |
| Rafael Lopez Palanco | Spain | 1988 |
| Herman Ruhle(*) | Germany | 1990 |
| Stefan J. Medwadowski | USA | 1991 |
| Alexander C. Scordelis(*) | USA | 1994 |
| Heinz Isler(*) | Switzerland | 1996 |
| Gian Carlo Giuliani | Italy | 1999 |
| Mamoru Kawaguchi | Japan | 2001 |
| Jorg Schlaich | Germany | 2004 |
| Ihsan Mungan(*) | Turkey | 2009 |
| Ekkehard Ramm | Germany | 2009 |
| Masao Saitoh | Japan | 2009 |
| Ture Wester (Posthumously)(*) | Denmark | 2009 |
| Massimo Majowiecki | Italy | 2010 |
| Horst Berger | USA | 2012 |
| R. Sundaram | Inida | 2012 |
| Frei Otto(*) | Germany | 2013 |
| John F.Abel | USA | 2013 |
| Julius Natterer | Switzerland | 2014 |
| Jack V. Christiansen(*) | USA | 2016 |
| Rene Motro | France | 2016 |
| Hoshyar Nooshin | UK | 2016 |
International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, IABSE for short, founded in 1929, now there are 4200 members, comes from more than 100 countries and regions, it’s the international association which has the most member countries. The Association aimed at promoting the international academic communications and make progress of structural engineering technology of international industry and society.
The Outstanding Structure Award, IABSE
The Outstanding Structure Award prize the buildings which are innovative, beautiful and excited, also the sustainability and respect to the environment should take into consideration when prize. The Awarded projects over years as follows:
2017, Phoenix International Centre
▲Phoenix International Centre, 2017th IABSE
The appearance design of the Phoenix International Centre comes from Mobius Band, match with the Phoenix Satellite television station mark, so it’s also called “Phoenix Nest”. The main structure of this project is reinforced concrete, the shell structure is spatial steel structure system, glass curtain wall clings to the steel structure. From the view of art, the design of Beijing Phoenix Center is the best originality and the gorgeous landmark of all.
2016, Shanghai Central Building
▲Shanghai Central Building, 2016th Outstanding Structure Award
Shanghai Central Building located in the core area of Lujiazui finance and trade zone of Pudong, Shanghai, the height of the main building is 632m, 121 stories on the ground, and 5 stories underground. This project use giant frame semi-girder core tube structure system, set six two-story-high semi-girder trusses at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th,7th, the 8th section along the height, each section have two-story-high box-band truss.
2015, East Section of San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
▲East Section of San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, 2015th Outstanding Structure Award of IABSE
The San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge New East Span is the largest span solo tower self-anchorage suspension bridge in the world, its span is 624m, and its the known widest bridge in the world which width is 79m. This project integrated a lot of technology innovations, include set shear beam on the 160m high SAS main tower, which can absorb the energy of earthquake; the 1387m long main wire is anchored on the upper structure of the bridge not on the ground at both ends of the bridge; batter pile technology, and some other technologies.
2000-2014, Award List of Outstanding Structure Award, IABSE
| Year | Name | Country |
| 2014 | Taizhou Bridge | Jiangsu, China |
| 2013 | 2012 Olympic Velodrome | London, UK |
| 2012 | Estadio Ciudad De La Plata | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| 2011 | Burj Khalifa Tower | Dubai, UAE |
| 2010 | The Nationoal Aquatics Centre | Beijing, China |
| 2009 | The Church of the Most Holy Trinity | Fatina, Portugal |
| 2009 | Tri-Countries Bridge | Weil am Rhein, Germany Huningue, France |
| 2008 | The Copenhagen Opera House | Denmark |
| 2008 | The Shanghai Lupu Bridge | Shanghai, China |
| 2007 | The New Roof of the Commerzban-Arena | Frankfurt, Germany |
| 2006 | The Central Bus Station | Hamburg, Germany |
| 2006 | The Rion-Antirion Bridge | Greece |
| 2006 | The Millau Viaduct | France |
| 2005 | The Gateshead Millennium Bridge | UK |
| 2004 | Milwaukee Art Museum Addition | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA |
| 2004 | Funchal Airport Extension | Madeira Island, Portugal |
| 2003 | Bibliotheca Alexandrina | Alexandria, Egypt |
| 2003 | Bras De La Plaine Bridge | Reunion Island, France |
| 2002 | Miho Museum Bridge | Japan |
| 2002 | Stade De France | Paris, France |
| 2002 | Deresund Fixed Link | Denmark-Sweden |
| 2001 | Guggenheim Museum | Bilbao, Spain |
| 2001 | Sunniberg Bridge | Klosters, Switzerland |
| 2000 | Glass Hall of Leipzig | Germany |
| 2000 | Keyence Corporation Head Office and Laboratory | Osaka, Japan |
International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering, IABSE
International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering founded in 1976, to cite people who did tremendous contributions in structure construction field. Among the awards of past years, the 2016, 1999, 1988 Award is not be taken, and there are two winner in 1982, Fazlur Khan, who raised and complete frame-barrel structure system, frame- core tube structure system, truss-barrel structure system, beam tube structure system.
| Year | Prize-Winner | Country | Year | Prize-Winner | Country |
| 2017 | Juan Jose Arenas | Spain | 1995 | Mamoru Kawaguchi | Japan |
| 2015 | Juse Calavera | Spain | 1994 | T.N.Subbarao | India |
| 2014 | William F. Baker | USA | 1993 | Jean Muller | France |
| 2013 | Theodossios Tassios | Greece | 1992 | Leo Finzi | Italy |
| 2012 | Haifan Xiang | China | 1991 | Jorg Schlaich | Germany |
| 2011 | Leslie E. Robertson | USA | 1990 | Lars Ustlund | Sweden |
| 2010 | Man-Chung Tang | USA | 1989 | Hans Wittfoht | Germany |
| 2009 | Christian Menn | Switzerland | 1987 | Guohao Li | China |
| 2008 | Tom Paulay | New Zealand | 1986 | Masatane Kokubu | Japan |
| 2007 | Manabu Ito | Japan | 1985 | Julio Ferry Borges | Portugal |
| 2006 | Javier Manterola | Spain | 1984 | Henrik Nylander | Sweden |
| 2005 | Jean-Marie Cremer | Belgium | 1983 | Guido Oberti | Italy |
| 2004 | Chander Alimchandani | India | 1982 | Georg Winter | USA |
| 2003 | Michel Virlogeux | France | 1982 | Fazlur R. Khan | USA |
| 2002 | Ian Liddell | UK | 1981 | Fritz Leonhardt | Germany |
| 2001 | John W.Fisher | USA | 1980 | Nicolas Esquillan | France |
| 2000 | John E.Breen | USA | 1979 | Oleg A. Kerensky | UK |
| 1998 | Peter Head | UK | 1978 | Anton Tedesko | USA |
| 1997 | Bruno Thurlimann | Switzerland | 1977 | Ulrich Finsterwal | Germany |
| 1996 | Alan G.Davenport | Canada | 1976 | Kiyoshi Muto | Japan |
Original here.
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]]>The post Case Analysis: Construction Technology Analysis of Large Span Arch Steel Structure appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>1.Basic Introduction
Shenyang South Train Station adopt steel structure, the length of the steel truss is 286.5m, and the span of the roof truss is 21m+66m+21m, and the overhang of the eave is 8.0m. The basic column grid is 10.5m*21.5m, 10.5m*24m. The height of the elevated story is 8.745m, the height of the mezzanine is 16.4m, the height of the roof is 29.91-37.51m.
(Contact us if you need we to do the design for you.)
The span between columns of axis 8-15, the weight of the steel parts of this section is 31.7 tons, the height of the arch roof truss is 9.45m. Please check the drawings under below.
Pic 2 The sketch drawing of the partitioned roof truss.
Pic 3 The weight of part 1 is 8.3 tons.
Pic 4 The weight of part 2 is 11.7 tons.
Pic 5 The weight of part 3 is 10.7 tons.
Pic 6 The weight of part 2 is 3.5 tons.
There are two solutions for the roof truss installation, each solution has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Solution 1: Partitioned steel truss hoisting
Advantages:
a.There are enough space for the assemble work under the roof truss, this solution assure the work will be done on schedule;
b.There will be slightly influence to the underneath concrete floor;
c.The support frame can be cycled use, it won’t need a large quantity, will save a lot invest;
d.There is a small change of internal force of the member bar, during the assembly;
Disadvantages:
a. Need supper power hoisting machinery, charge expensive;
b. A lot of work high above the ground;
Solution 2: Integral elevation
Advantages:
a.You can get high assemble quality of the roof truss;
b.Less work high above the ground
Disadvantages:
a.The truss assemble need to after the concrete floor on the elevation of 9m have enough strength, it can be done ahead of the schedule, it’s harm to the construction period;
b.The construction of the floor needs a lot of workspaces, and it’s hard to proceed the other work at the same time;
c.The height of the arch truss is too high, need to use a lot of support frame until finished the assemble;
d.There is big change of internal force during the assembly;
Solution decide:
Considering the limited construction period, and better change of the internal force of the member bar, save more invest, after comprehensive comparison, we decide to use solution 1 which is partitioned hoisting. The truss between axis 8 to 15 can be partitioned to 3 parts, and we need to set some temporary support frame because there are no support columns under the parts.
We are going to use a 400 tons crawler crane to lift the columns, beams and the transverse & longitudinal truss between axis 6 – 8 and 15 – 17, when finished the assembly of this section, then hoisting the horizontal & vertical sub truss and the overhang units.
3.Plan checking and implementation
3.1 The plan checking and implementation of the central steel roof truss
3.1.1 Steel structure parts hoisting checking
(1) The performance of the 400tons capacity crawler crane CC2400-1
Pic 7 The performance of the 48m main jib and the 72m fly jib
(2)Steel columns hoisting checking
The section of the concrete columns below 16.28m under the elevated mezzanine is P1600*35, the section of the steel columns above 16.28m is P1400*35, according to the characteristics of the distribution of steel columns and the performance of the crane, divided the column into two parts, the divided point is 18.5m.
Pic 8 The sketch of partitioned column
Analyse the hoisting performance of the second part of the middle column which has the highest hoisting requirements, it can meet the requirements.
(3)The main truss hoisting checking
The main steel truss needs 2 400 tons crawler crane work together, hoisting from two sides. The truss can be divided into 7 parts, the 66m span truss can be divided into 3 parts, and both two sides can be divided into 2 parts. (pic 9)
Pic 9 The sketch map shows the partition of the main truss and the sub truss
Pic 10 Performance analysis of hoisting the first section
Table 1
Pic 11 Performance analysis of hoisting the second section
Table 2
Pic 12 Performance analysis of hoisting the third section
Table 3
Pic 9 The sketch map shows the partition of the main truss and the sub truss
Pic 10 Performance analysis of hoisting the first section
| The weight of steel components | Performance of the crane | Meet the requirements | |||
| Length of crane beam | Working radius | Weight of hook | Permit hoisting | ||
| 8.3t | 48m+72m | 74m | 0.5t | 10.5t | Yes |
Pic 11 Performance analysis of hoisting the second section
| The weight of steel components | Performance of the crane | Meet the requirements | |||
| Length of crane beam | Working radius | Weight of hook | Permit hoisting | ||
| 8.3t | 48m+72m | 74m | 0.5t | 10.5t | Yes |
Pic 12 Performance analysis of hoisting the third section
| The weight of steel components | Performance of the crane | Meet the requirements | |||
| Length of crane beam | Working radius | Weight of hook | Permit hoisting | ||
| 8.3t | 48m+72m | 74m | 0.5t | 10.5t | Yes |
3.1.2 Analyse the construction process and the implementation of the solution
(1) The simulation of the force and strain during the construction
The installation of steel structure members takes time, the force of the structure members and the boundary conditions changing all the time during the process. So the maximum force state or the final state of the steel members are big differences from the state of design analysis, due to adopting different construction method or order. For the safety of the steel structure during the construction and after the installation, we need to simulate the construction process and analysis. We use the software MIDAS GEN/8.0 to run the analyze, and we can get the results of force and strain during the construction.
(2)Calculation model
Due to the west & est unit of the central station building have a similar arrangement, so we chose the typical unit(the worst condition) (frame II-axis J to axis K, roof truss II- axis J to K) to run the simulation.
Pic 13 MIDAS model of the construction
Structural unit
Concrete filled steel tubular column use SRC material and structure, bracing web member use truss unit, the other unit adopt beam simulation.
Loading Condition
According to the solid model, gravity rate use 1.0.
A load of purlin and purlin bracing load onto the upper bar of the truss, the equivalent load is 1.53KN/m.
The weight of the skylight load onto the upper bar of the truss, the equivalent load is 5.0KN/m.
Board conditions.
The steel pipe filled with concrete use a rigid connection.
The bottom of the bracing frame adopt hinge joint, without considering the advantages of the bottom reinforcement measurements; release the Y, Z and corner restraint of the top bracing frame.(Pic 14)
Pic 14 release the top restraint of the bracing frame
(3)The construction process analyze and the implementation of the solution
Step one, hoisting the concrete-filled steel tube columns and beams.
Force analyze: simulate and analyze the force, the max force of the beam is 39.3Mpa, meet the requirements.
Step two, assemble the roof truss, form the stable framework.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 13.1mm, appears in the beam, nearly no transformation to the truss, max force of the bar member is 38.72MPa.
Step three, assemble the sub-roof truss, form the integrate; set bracing at the height of 8.745m.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 13.04mm, appear at the beam, the vertical transformation of the truss is small, the max force inside of the bar member is 38.23MPa.
Step four, install the middle roof truss segment II.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 13.05mm, appear at the beam, small vertical transformation; max internal force 38.53MPa.
Step five, install the middle roof truss segment I.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 13.05mm, appear at the beam, small vertical transformation; max internal force 38.49MPa.
Step 6, install the lateral sub truss in the middle of the roof.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 13.04mm, appear at the beam, small vertical transformation; max internal force 38.51MPa.
Step 7, install the longitudinal sub truss in the middle of the roof.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 13.04mm, appear at the beam, small vertical transformation; max internal force 38.5MPa.
Step 8 release the restraint of the roof, tear down the bracing frame.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 27.2mm; max internal force 48.2MPa.
Step 9 install the purlin, skylight.
Force and transformation analyze: max vertical transformation 36mm; max internal force 47.51MPa.
4.Conclusion
(1)In this project, the span of the roof truss is 66m, it’s a big span, we hoisting partitioned, and assemble above the ground, there are 12000ton steel structure parts, it took 4 months to finish the hoisting, finally we meet the schedule.
(2)During the construction of this big span steel structure truss, the max structure transformation is 36mm, the max stress is 45.51MPa, structure transformation and stress meet the requirements of the codes and design. Compare the partitioned hoisting and integral hoisting, the additional transformation is 1.9mm, additional stress is 1.2MPa, they are far from the limits, meet the requirements. So the partitioned hoisting solution is safe and reasonable.
(Original article here)
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]]>The post Huizhou Architecture – Famous Chinese Building Style appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>Huizhou architecture is one of the most important genres in the traditional Chinese architecture “Wan-faction Architecture”. It has always been admired by Chinese and foreign architects. Popular in Huizhou (now it’s been divided into Huangshan City, Jixi County, Wuyuan County) and Yanzhou, Jinhua, Quzhou and other western Zhejiang.
Use brick, wood, stone as the raw material, wooden frame-based. The beams are usually huge and focus on decoration. The widespread use of brick, wood, stone carving, showing the superb level of decorative arts. Wooden beams bearing the load, brick, stone, earth filling protect the wall; the hall is the center.
Huizhou style pay attention to the etiquette, there are differences between officials’ and businessmen’s. In addition to the buildings of Huizhou tycoon, the houses of ordinary people are also elegance. Huizhou architectural design set the aura of Huizhou mountains and rivers, melting the essence of Chinese customs and culture, unique style, rigorous structure, exquisite carving, whether it is the concept of town planning, or plane and space processing, integrated use of architectural sculpture fully reflects the distinct Local characteristics. Especially in residential areas, ancestral temples and the most typical arch, known as best three ancient buildings in Huizhou.
Huizhou architecture in the overall layout, along with the mountain leaning, sophisticated design, natural & decent; flexible on the layout, in the spatial structure and utilization, rich in style, pay attention to the rhythm, Ma Tou wall, and Chinese tile can be found everywhere; in the comprehensive utilization of architectural sculpture art, financial stone, wood carving, brick as one, it is magnificent.
Most of the structure is complex courtyard which means you can find another courtyard in the courtyard, while some small courtyard has houses on each side except the south of the courtyard. Chinese House usually faces the south, against the mountain and face the water.
The layout is symmetrically arranged on the central axis. There are three rooms in the courtyard. The two sides are chambers. The front room called the hall, and the center of the courtyard is called “patio.” Light and airy are also available here. The integrity of residential appearance and beauty are strong, the wall closed, the raised corner of Ma Tou wall is called “武”（means force）, the other called “文” (means knowledge), the wall lines well-proportioned, black and white walls, elegant color and decent.
Here is the question.
Can these beautiful buildings build with modern materials? Like steel structure parts, OSB boards and decorations?
Sure!
Here is a coffee house build with steel structures and boards and insolation wool. Let’s see how it’s happened.
First, clear the field and make the foundation.
Transport the steel parts to the field when the foundation is ready.
Fixed the wall steel structure parts on the position.
Assemble the roof and wall parts.
Assemble the roof and wall parts.
Install the OSB board to the roof and wall.
Set the insolation material.
Decoration & finish. We get it here.
Have any views? Please let us know. If you want to build this kind of house, please contact us.
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]]>The post Industrial Workshop appeared first on China PEB Steel Structure Co., Ltd..
]]>Industrial workshop is a variety of housing which directly used for the production or supporting the production, including the main workshop, auxiliary space and ancillary facilities. All industrial, transportation, commercial, construction and scientific research, schools and other units are all these kind.
The Definition Of Industrial Workshop
The industrial workshop is building that used for production, including the processing workshop and the annex, such as power distribution room, water supply house, sewage and other supportive housing.
The Classification Of Industrial Workshop
(A) Classify according to the structure and supporting plant:
Single / multi-layer, with or without the overhead crane, with or without power distribution, with or without water supply, with or without sewage.
(B) Classify according to the characteristics of product manufacturing, industrial workshops can be broadly divided into the following three types:
(1) General Production workshop: A workshop producing under normal conditions.
(2) Explosion and fire hazard production workshop: producing or store goods which may have explosive and fire hazards.
(3) Workshop in a harsh environment: dusty, damp, high temperature or steam, vibration, smoke, acid or alkali corrosive gases or substances, radioactive substances.
The Features
According to the building style, industrial workshops can be divided into single-story industrial constructions and multi-story industrial buildings.
The vast majority of multi-story industrial buildings are used in light industry, electronics, instrumentation, communications, pharmaceutical and other industries, such kind of workshop floors are generally not very high, and its lighting design are just like common scientific research building’s, and most of them used fluorescent lighting system.
Production workshop in the fields of machining, metallurgy, and textile are generally single-story industrial buildings, and according to the needs of production, most of them are multi-span single-floor industrial buildings, that is, the multi-span buildings arranged in parallel with each span as needed, which height can be the same or different.
The single-story plant needs to meet the requirements to determine the span(width ), length, height based on a certain building modulus.
Workshop Span S: generally 6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,36 m …….
Length L: ranging from tens of meters to hundreds of meters.
Height H: 5 ~ 6m, high up to 30 ~ 40m, or even higher.
The span and height of the workshop are the main factors which should consider in the plant lighting system design.
In addition, according to the continuity of industrial production and the need for product transportation between sections, most industrial workshops are equipped with cranes, which can be 3 ~ 5t in weight and up to several hundred tons in large scale (currently, the weight of a single cranes in the machinery industry up to 800t).
Design:
Industrial workshop design standards are based on workshop structure style, the design needs to meet the requirements of process and production conditions.
Standard workshop design specifications:
First, the industrial workshop design must meet the relevant national guidelines and policies, adopt advanced technology, reasonable cost, safety and easy to use, quality guaranty, in line with the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Second, this standard can apply to the design of new construction and reconstruction, and expansion of industrial workshop, but does not apply to the biological clean room which operating bacteria.
The provisions of this Code relating to fire prevention and evacuation and fire protection facilities do not apply to the design of high-rise industrial buildings which height exceeding 24 meters and underground industrial buildings.
Third, reconstruction the original building with clean technology, industrial workshop must design based on the production process requirements, according to local conditions, different treatment, make full use of existing technology and facilities.
Fourth, the design of industrial workshops should create the necessary conditions for the construction and installation, maintenance and management, testing and safe operation.
Fifth, beyond that the design of the industrial workshop should in accordance with the Code, it should meet the current national standards, norms of the relevant requirements.
Steel workshop design standards
These standards are aimed at to make the steel components easy to manufacturing, make the size of the steel members to achieve standardization and serialization.
This standards applies to:
First, the design of assembly or partial assembly of reinforced concrete structures and mixed structure workshop;
Second, the preparation of workshop building accessories standard design atlas.
Note:
① The design of steel structure workshop, modified (expanded) construction workshop subject to conditions, cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure workshop, workshop with special requirements, or technically and economically significant unreasonable workshop which design under these standards, may not implement some of the provisions of these standards;
② Workshop that use new technologies, new structures and new materials, may not be subject to certain restrictions of these standards.
In one construction site, when determine the design of the workshop, should make the type of construction parts uniform.
On the basis of technical and economic rationality, the shape of the workshop should be simple, and avoid different heights between different spans.
In the preparation of workshop components standard design atlas, should use the same configuration to make sure the maximum interchangeability.
In addition to the workshop design should meet the relevant provisions of these standard, also should be consistent with the existing provisions of the relevant national standards.
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]]>Steel structure shed, is a simple steel structure building, usually used as a canopy, bicycle shed, farms, and other small-scale situation. Usually smaller span, smaller component size, lower cost.
What Is Steel Structure Shed?
Steel structure shed is a sample large-span structure which refers to columns and beams are made of steel components, and the roof usually adopts single color coated steel sheet or plastic sheet, or FRP, or sandwich panels. There is no difference between steel structure shed and steel structure workshop/ warehouse, they have the same structure- portal structure, also some of them use frame structure and some buildings with large span use space truss structure. Generally, there is no wall of this kind of building.
The Uses Of Steel Structure Shed
vegetable markets, carports, rallies, farms, warehouses, planting bases, gas stations and other insulation no special requirements of the occasion.
The Components Of Steel Structure Shed
- The main frame: steel columns, steel beams, space truss
- Secondary components: bracing, corner support, angle support, tie rod
- Purlin: roof purlin, wall purlin
- Connectors: anchor bolts, high-strength bolts, ordinary bolts
- Roof panels: color coated steel sheet, composite panels (EPS, rock wool, glass wool), FRP
- Wall panels: usually don’t use
The Advantages Of Steel Structure Shed
- High material strength, lightweight. Compared with concrete and wood, the same stress smaller cross-section, higher strength, easy to transport and installation, suitable for a large span, large height, and heavy load structure.
- Steel has good toughness and good plasticity characteristics, uniform material, high structural reliability. Suitable for bearing impact and dynamic load, with good seismic performance.
- High degree of mechanization manufacturing, steel components are manufactured in the factory and assemble at the site. The factory mechanized manufacturing of steel structural components finished with high precision and high production efficiency.
- Low cost. Due to the high production efficiency and high mechanization of steel components, the cost of steel is lower than that of concrete and wood.
- Short construction period. The installation of mechanization, small quantity components, dry work, do not need maintenance.
- The wide range of uses: diverse forms of construction, can be widely used in many industries.
- Environmental protection, low carbon, steel can be recycled.
The Disadvantages Of Steel Structure Shed
- The heat-resistant steel structure is not fire-resistant: below 150 degrees, the properties of steel changes very little, when the temperature up to 300-400 degrees, the steel strength and elastic modulus decreased significantly, and when the temperature is600 degrees, the strength of the steel tend to zero. Therefore, in buildings with special fire protection requirements, the steel structure must be protected by fire-resistant materials to improve the fire rating.
- Poor corrosion resistance of steel. Because iron is an active metal, it is easily corrosion in humid and corrosive media environments. Therefore, steel components are generally trusting, corrosion protection (galvanized or painted) and require regular maintenance. For marine platform structures in seawater, a “zinc-anode protection” method is the right choice.
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